{"id":511,"date":"2015-10-19T08:20:24","date_gmt":"2015-10-19T06:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/?page_id=511"},"modified":"2021-04-19T16:31:49","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T14:31:49","slug":"overview","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"511\" class=\"elementor elementor-511\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e8f33f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e8f33f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ea8845 elementor-section-stretched myContainerFondLLC elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ea8845\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ee910e\" data-id=\"2ee910e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad6eadf elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-3004 elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"ad6eadf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"9\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:100,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0}\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div 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href=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/is-seed-a-pest-risk\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Is seed a pest risk?<\/a>\n\t<ul class='children'>\n\t\t<li class=\"page_item page-item-2502 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/is-seed-a-pest-risk\/technical-resources\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Technical resources<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li class=\"page_item page-item-343 page_item_has_children menu-item menu-item-has-children\"><a href=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/pest-lists\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Pest Lists<\/a>\n\t<ul class='children'>\n\t\t<li class=\"page_item page-item-342 menu-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/pest-lists\/pest-risk-analysis\/\" class=\"menu-link\">Pest Risk Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><select class=\"\" id=\"page_id\"><option value=\"3136\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/plant-breeding-2\/\">Plant Breeding<\/option><option value=\"495\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/plant-breeding-2\/genetic-resources\/\">Genetic Resources<\/option><option value=\"500\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/plant-breeding-2\/plant-breeding-innovation\/\">Plant Breeding Innovation<\/option><option value=\"505\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/plant-breeding-2\/protection-of-varieties\/\">Protection of Varieties<\/option><option value=\"20\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/\">Disease Resistance<\/option><option value=\"511\"  selected=\"selected\" data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/overview\/\">Overview<\/option><option value=\"514\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/pathogen-codes\/\">Pathogen Codes<\/option><option value=\"521\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/differential-hosts\/\">Differential Hosts<\/option><option value=\"544\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/other-initiatives\/\">Other Initiatives<\/option><option value=\"546\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/other-initiatives\/ibeb\/\">IBEB<\/option><option value=\"468\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/trade-rules-2\/\">Trade Rules<\/option><option value=\"24\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/seed-treatment\/\">Seed Treatment<\/option><option value=\"337\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/\">Phytosanitary Matters<\/option><option value=\"341\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/seed-health\/\">Seed Health<\/option><option value=\"1744\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/seed-health\/ishi-veg-method-development\/\">ISHI-Veg Method Development<\/option><option value=\"1745\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/seed-health\/ishi-veg-protocols\/\">ISHI-Veg Protocols<\/option><option value=\"2749\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/seed-health\/ishi-veg-validation-reports\/\">ISHI-Veg Validation Reports<\/option><option value=\"1124\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/is-seed-a-pest-risk\/\">Is seed a pest risk?<\/option><option value=\"2502\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/is-seed-a-pest-risk\/technical-resources\/\">Technical resources<\/option><option value=\"343\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/pest-lists\/\">Pest Lists<\/option><option value=\"342\"  data-url=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/phytosanitary-matters-2\/pest-lists\/pest-risk-analysis\/\">Pest Risk Analysis<\/option><\/select><\/div>\n     <script>\n     jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\n          jQuery(\"#page_id\").on(\"change\",function(){\n               var letlet = jQuery(\"option:selected\", this).attr(\"data-url\");\n               var valval = jQuery(this).val();\n               location.href=letlet;\n            \/\/alert(letlet);\n            \/\/console.log(letlet+\"+\"+valval);\n          });\n      });\n      <\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ba63e0\" data-id=\"0ba63e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-64396c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64396c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a809d24 elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"a809d24\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972db46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-3343 elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"972db46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"109\" height=\"109\" src=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/icoisf.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-58a9a7a\" data-id=\"58a9a7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-573895d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"573895d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disease resistance is a major goal of breeding new varieties. It plays a key role in vegetable crop production and integrated pest management practices.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d92d879 elementor-shape-square e-grid-align-left e-grid-align-mobile-left elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-3042 elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"d92d879\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-5646027\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/International-Seed-Federation-153497914694532\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-72bc942\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?q=seedfed\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-4b27cd1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/isfprochannel\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-youtube\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-7c2bcc0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/international-seed-federeation\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-05df2b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"05df2b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bee8c4 holder-card full ico yellow\" data-id=\"6bee8c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ffedb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ffedb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plant diseases and resistance<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-548bd8b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"548bd8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"first column\"><p class=\"dontsplit\">The relationship between a plant and a pest1 is very complex. The ability of a pest to cause disease in a plant depends on environmental conditions, the properties of the organism itself and the capacity of the plant to defend itself. Varieties within a plant species can differ in their ability to defend themselves. Under different climatic conditions the interaction between the same plant and pest may have different outcomes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"last  column\"><p class=\"dontsplit\">Pathogens are known to develop and form new biotypes \u2013 pathotypes, races or strains that can cause damage to plants, which remain unaffected by the original form of the pathogen. Resistance is the ability of a plant variety to restrict the growth and development of a specified pathogen or the damage they cause when compared to susceptible plant varieties under similar environmental conditions and pathogen pressure. Resistant varieties may exhibit some disease symptoms or damage under heavy pathogen pressure.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-db9f831 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db9f831\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f848007 holder-card full ico yellow\" data-id=\"f848007\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b286b60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b286b60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Consistent terminology<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f84c560 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f84c560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>To promote consistency in the terminolgy used to describe the reaction of a plant to a pest, the <strong>ISF Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Section has adopted a set of agreed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Definition_on_reaction_plants_to_pests_2017_final.pdf\">definitions<\/a><\/strong>. The paper defines two levels of resistance. Company claims on the level of resistance are based on tests carried out with well-characterized isolates of a pest in controlled environmental conditions. An isolate is a population of (micro) organisms that has been obtained in pure culture from a field, from another location or in a laboratory, and that has been characterised using differential hosts. A characterised isolate is representative of a biotype, pathotype, race or strain of a pest and will not have any characteristic differentiating it from another isolate of the same biotype, pathotype, race or strain. <strong>The definition paper is also available in the following languages; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017_CHINESE.pdf\">Chinese<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017_DUTCH.pdf\">Dutch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017_FRENCH.pdf\">French<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017_GERMAN.pdf\">German<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017-ITALIAN.pdf\">Italian<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017-JAPANESE.pdf\">Japanese<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017_KOREAN.pdf\">Korean<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017_SPANISH.pdf\">Spanish<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Definition-Terms-Reaction-Plants-to-Pests_2017_TURKISH.pdf\">Turkish<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p>Seed companies are also encouraged to use uniform codes for pests affecting vegetable and cereal crops in catalogues and other communication with customers \u2013 see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/our-work\/plant-health\/pathogen-codes\/\">Pathogen Codes<\/a>. <strong>ISF recommends listing the pathogen codes in the following order: viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects and nematodes<\/strong><\/p><p>Resistance genes may be effective against all or some biotypes, pathotypes, races or strains of a pest, and the emergence of new biotypes, pathotypes, races or strains is not uncommon. To identify and distinguish different isolates within a species plant pathologists use different methods including \u2018differential hosts\u2019 \u2013 see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldseed.org\/our-work\/plant-health\/differential-hosts\/\">Differential Hosts<\/a>. Isolates that after characterization do not match an already described pathotype, biotype, race or strain of the pest are designated as a new biotype, pathotype, race or strain following proof that it is established in nature in a scientific publication.<\/p><div class=\"b--font is-80\"><p><small><sup>1<\/sup> The FAO defines a pest as: \u201cAny species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products.\u201d Pathogens (microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi that cause a disease) are therefore included in the term \u2018pest\u2019.<\/small><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Disease resistance is a major goal of breeding new varieties. It plays a key role in vegetable crop production and integrated pest management practices. Facebook Twitter Youtube Linkedin Plant diseases and resistance The relationship between a plant and a pest1 is very complex. The ability of a pest to cause disease in a plant depends &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/our-work\/disease-resistance\/overview\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Overview<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3746,"parent":20,"menu_order":15,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-511","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=511"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3747,"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/511\/revisions\/3747"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/llc.bypi.fr\/2021\/isf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}